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1/13 efs ? june 2001 - ed: 8a starlight-kit 2-chips set for fluorescent lamp starter pentawatt hv EFS21-TL5 n very low component count: 2 chips + 7 passive components n meets en55015 standards without emi capacitor n extended life time of the fluorescent lamp due to smooth and single shot ignition n high inherent reliability and extended life time of the starter benefits the efs kit is a 2 chips set used with 7 additional passive components, for glow switch starter. the asd ? (application specific discretes) includes a bi-directional power switch and a power supply for the driver. the driver provides a program to ensure a fully optimised linear fluorescent lamp ignition. description application specific discretes a.s.d. ? so-14 efs2a-cd efs2b-cd n very wide temperature range: tube ignition from -30to+85 c n single shot ignition from -30 to 0 c: 350ma, 1350v striking pulse n very wide power range: fluorescent tube lamp ignition from 18 to 70w n efs2b driver compatible with 50/60hz operation n selectable preheat time: efs2a driver: 1.5s or 2.56s (50hz) efs2b driver: 0.74s or 1.24s (50hz) efs2b driver: 0.62s or 1.03s (60hz) n 8 striking pulses capability: for very cold environment or ageing lamp n starter shutdown with failed lamp features asd is a trademark of stmicroelectronics.
efs 2/13 mains frequency 50hz 60hz driver version efs2a efs2b pin 2 connection gnd vcc gnd vcc gnd vcc preheat duration 1.5s 2.56s 0.74s 1.24s 0.62s 1.03s asd ? efs21 lamp power range 18 to 70w (note 2) ambient temperature range -30 to 85 c (note1, note 2) note 1 : below -20 c, it is recommended to limit the lamp power range to 58w. note 2 : the ignition temperature range is given with starting aid, as required in the iec 81 and iec 926 (6.3.1) standards. efs starlight-kit parts selection: the efs starlight-kit answers effectively to linear fluorescent lamp ignition needs: driver: efs2a-cd and : efs2b-cd asd ? : EFS21-TL5 state tube detection 1 shunt 4 preheat select 2 to be grounded 7 to be grounded 3 to be grounded 5 to be grounded 6 14 g1 13 g2 12 vcc 11 gnd 9 do not connect 8 to be grounded 10 to be grounded so-14 pentawatt hv g1 1 g2 5 vcc 2 tube 3 gnd 4 pin connection (top view) fluorescent lamp 18w to 70w ballast mains 4 9 7/8/10/11 2/3/5/6 14 13 12 2 5 1 3 4 150k w r4 0.39 w 22 m f - 16v driver asd ? 1 do not connect u1 u2 basic application diagram
efs 3/13 working area lamp power (w) tamb ( c) (see note 2) 70 w 58 w 36 w 18 w -30 -100 1020304050607080 -20 90 recommended lamp power range application note 2 : the ignition temperature range is given with starting aid, as required in the iec 81 and iec 926 (6.3.1) standards. symbol parameter value unit top operating junction temperature range -30 to +125 c tstg storage temperature range -55 to +150 c absolute ratings (limiting values) symbol parameter value unit vcc maximum supply voltage 14 v ptot power dissipation 500 mw esd electrostatic discharge between any pins standard: mil std 883c human body model 1kv v sense input operating range 10 v driver: efs2 a & efs2b symbol parameter value unit i t(rms) rms on-state current tcase = 90 c1a tcase i t(rms) =1a t off = 0.16s t on = 0.75s + 120 c i tsm surge peak on-state current t j initial = 25 c, tp = 10ms minimum repetitive rate periode : 1min. 15 a v drm v rrm repetitive peak off-state voltage 600 v asd ? : efs21
efs 4/13 driver efs 2 a/b cd - efs 2 1 tl5 - electronic fluorescent switch electronic fluorescent switch kit kit version digit a: 50hz b: 50/60hz version digit so-14 package tl5: pentawatt hv package with lead forming asd tm ordering information electrical characteristics (t j =25 c, unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter min. typ. max. unit vcc supply voltage in preheat mode 712v v uvlo under voltage lock-out threshold 5v v cch supply limitation high in standby mode 6.8 7.7 8.7 v v ccl supply limitation low in standby mode 6.77 7.57 8.41 v i cc supply current in standby mode 440 450 475 m a i so ignition current level rsense = 0.39 w 280 350 420 ma lamp off state detection tc checking delay after zero crossing lamp voltage efs2a version 2.5 7.5 ms efs2b version 2.9 5.9 ms v ref internal reference voltage 1.12 1.26 v driver symbol parameter min. typ. max. unit vt + positive on-state voltage i t = 1.5a tp = 500 m s 2.1 3.15 v vt - negative on-state voltage i t = 1.5a tp = 500 m s 0.89 1.2 v v br breakdown positive voltage i drm = 5ma t p = 10ms 1200 1350 1500 v v dcm v rcm non repetitive peak off-state voltage pin 1 = pin 2 = pin 4 = pin 5 repetitive rate : 3hz 800 v i drm i rrm leakage current, at v drm /v rrm rated pin 1 = pin 2 = pin 4 = pin 5 20 m a i h holding current di/dt = 9 a/ms pin1 = pin 2 = pin4 = pin5 350 ma asd
efs 5/13 4 9 7/8/10/11 3/5/6 14 13 12 2 5 1 3 4 r3 r4 r5 c1 driver asd ? 2 u1 u2 r2 r1 thermal fuse r6 d1 1 vcc gnd open one of the tracks demonstration board diagram application conditions ac mains single 230v - 50hz single 120v - 60hz twin series 230v / 50hz or single 115v / 50hz lamp power range 18 to 70w 18 to 36w ambient temperature range -30 to + 85 c (note 3) recommended components asd ? version efs21 driver version efs2a or efs2b efs2b efs2a or efs2b r1, r2 30k w - 0.125w - 5% 15k w - 0.125w - 5% r3 130k w - 0.125w - 5% r4 2.2k w - 0.25w - 5% 3.3k w - 0.25w - 5% r5 0.39 w - 0.25w - 5% (note 4) r6 39k w - 0.25w - 5% c1 22 m f - 16v - 20% d1 byd17k (800v) note 3 : below -20 c, it is recommended to limit the lamp power range to 58w. note 4 : r5(rsense) should have a 8 a, 10 ms surge capability. recommended components according to application conditions pin 2 is the preheat time select pin. to select a short preheat time, drill to cut the vcc to pin 2 track at the metallic hole. to select a long preheat time, drill to cut the gnd to pin 2 track. the layout must be configured for either choice to avoid supply short circuit . when the starter has to be protected against over-temperature, over-current or short circuit, it is recommended to implement a thermal fuse in series with the starter. to meet (iec 926) standards, a capacitor (f.i. 5nf) can be connected between pin 3 and pin 4 of the asd ? . board assembly drill and cut the track for short preheat --> for long preheat --> pcb with pentawatt hv and so14
efs 6/13 3 2 1 fluorescent tube 220v / 50hz ballast v strike the mains voltage is applied preheating of the tube striking of the tube preheat efs starlight-kit application note the starter is a bi-directional switch which performs two functions: n to preheat of the tube, n to ignition of the tube. 1/ the ac power switch: functional description during the preheat period, the asd ? is conducting fully. the tube lamp is short circuited by the starter, and the current flows through its filaments. in these conditions, the lamp can not light up, but the temperature of the lamp electrodes increases. at the end of the preheat period, lamp filaments are warm enough to emit electrons in the gas and to permit the lamp ignition in good conditions. the asd ? switches off the preheating current . at this moment, the ballast is equivalent to a current generator (i=i so, i so = switched off current). as the asd ? switches off, the starter voltage increases. the amplitude of this high voltage spike is then clamped by the asd ? (v br 1350 v). as the starter and the lamp are in parallel, the striking pulse is directly applied to the lamp. the electromagnetic energy of the ballast is then striking pulse the ac switch merges an auxiliary power supply for the driver, a power clamping device (1350v) and a bi-directional switch with his execution pilot block. 2/ what's new in this switch? gnd vcc g 2 tube g 1 power supply on / off driver ac switch high voltage clamping new efs asd
efs 7/13 present solutions work with a unidirectional switch, like mos transistors or gto (gate turn off thyristor). as a starter is a bi-directional switch, it is necessary to use a rectifier bridge (4 diodes of 1500v ). more, 2 or 3 diodes in series with the gto are required to get the necessary switch off effect, and the whole is controlled with an analog timer built around a small scr. the advantages of a bi-directional switch are as follows: a drastic reduction of the number of components, and of course, a reduction of power losses (only 1 forward voltage instead of 5). a lamp requires a minimum energy level to be ignited, but this energy depends especially on the lamp temperature. the lower the temperature, the more energetic the lamp strike. this energy stored in the ballast is directly proportional to the switched off current ie li so so ( . ) = 2 2 . in other words, the energy required and of course the i so level, are maximum for the minimum temperature. results based on experiments show that it is necessary to switch off a current of 350 ma to strike a 58w tube at -30 c (with a voltage amplitude clamped at 1200v and starting aid). therefore, the best way to strike a tube, independent of the temperature, is to keep the maximum i so level for all the temperature range. unfortunately, the solution is not so simple to implement because the energy level at ambient or warm temperature would be much important: the lamp would be ignited, but the lamp lifetime would be shortened. this is why one of the innovations of the asd ? is to modulate the striking energy versus temperature (see feature hereafter). 3/ lamp ignition feature: for freezing temperatures, the i so level is maintained at 350 ma, and for positive temperatures, the i so level decreases slowly. gto scr 1500v conventional discrete circuit (minimal version) a.s.d. ? feature i.s.o. 350ma 200ma switched off current versus ambient temperature
efs 8/13 in order to reduce the number of components, an auxiliary power supply is integrated in the asd ? . this active power supply works directly on the mains and requires only a low voltage capacitor 16v - 22 m f. the operating mode of this supply varies with the starter operating phase: 4/ auxiliary power supply: driver asd vcc g1 gnd tube c supply 7.57 7.68 d1 r1 r2 r6 power supply schematic supply operation during preheat phase: during preheat phase, the driver solely manages the supply function (neither the driver nor d1 and r6 are involved). a part of the current flowing through the asd ? is used, at the beginning and at the end of each positive mains half cycle, to charge the output capacitor. supply operation during standby phase: when the lamp is lit, the driver monitors its supply voltage (vcc). at the beginning of each positive mains half cycle, when vcc is lower than 7.57v, the driver closes the asd ? supply switch. the capacitor is charged to provide the standby current of the driver. during this phase the tube lamp is short circuited by the asd ? . when the supply voltage reaches 7.68v, the driver opens the asd ? supply switch. since this current is also flowing in the ballast, the supply turn off provides across the lamp an additional voltage spike. after it has been running for a few minutes the lamp becomes warm and this spike voltage naturally decreases. supply during preheat phase starter current starter voltage at the ignition 5min after ignition supply during standby phase (without e.m.i. capacitor nor r6 nor d1) to dramatically reduce this repetitive voltage spikes across the lamp, the r6 resistor with the diode d1 provide a part of the supply current. thus, the ripple voltage of the supply voltage is reduced, as well as the level of the switched-off current. on the other hand, this increases the safety margin of the rf noise (versus the iec 55015 limits)
efs 9/13 5/ the driver: functional description gnd g1 g2 preheat select vcc shunt state tube minimum power supply state tube detection (striked / off) 0 current synchro iso synchro 350ma pre-heat period counter 1,5s or 2.5s current generator 30ma 8 attempts strikes counter uvlo clock 1/8 efs2a driver internal block diagram (50hz operation) algorithm 1. at switch on: at switch on, an integrated under voltage lock out function (uvlo) resets the driver as long as the supply voltage stays below a safety level. 2. preheat: the ignition sequence begins with the preheat phase. two different durations can be selected with pin 2 (see table efs starlight-kit parts selection page 2). during this phase, the driver maintains the asd ? in a full on-state making the starter equivalent to a bi-directional conducting switch. 3. ignition of the fluorescent tube: at the end of the preheat period, the starter strikes the fluorescent lamp. for this, the driver continuously reads the current through the starter. when the current reaches the switch off level (i so = 350ma), the driver turns off the asd ? . this induces a high voltage pulse across the lamp. this pulse amplitude is limited by the asd ? ( 1350v). 4. if the lamp fails to strike: the driver detects the state of the tube (lit or off). if it stays off during 8 mains cycles (loop 1), a new preheat period, shorter than the first one, starts again (loop 3), followed by a new ignition attempt. the driver will try to fire the tube 8 times. if none of the 8 attempts succeeds in striking the lamp, the driver turns in standby mode, and the whole starter is fully stopped until the next mains removal and power supply reset. 5. if the lamp is ignited: if the lamp is ignited, the driver stays in standby mode while monitoring the state of the lamp (loop 2). during normal operation of the tube, this short pulse is masked by the lamp conduction. if the mains interruption is really long enough to turn off completely the lamp, a new ignition sequence starts again (loop 3) with 8 other new possible attempts. ac mains on uvlo reset preheat * 1.5s or 2.5s strike attempt = attempt + 1 preheat * 0.75s or 1.25s attempt <8 yes yes yes no no no loop 3 loop 2 tube ignited? fail = fail + 1 fail = 8 fail = 0 autosupply autosupply fail = 0 attempt = 0 * see the preheat duration table 6 loop 1
efs 10/13 the driver determines the preheat duration by counting mains cycles. this numeric solution naturally brings a good precision depending only on the mains frequency tolerance. with the 2 driver versions, the efs startlight-kit provides a choice of 4 preheat durations. the following table gives the preheat duration before the first ignition attempt. the next seven preheat durations, in the case of an unsuccessful ignition attempt, will last half of the duration of the first one 6/ preheat phase duration 50-60hz: preheat duration mains frequency 50hz 60hz driver version efs2a efs2b efs2b pin 2 connection gnd vcc gnd vcc gnd vcc 1.5s 2.56s 0.74s 1.24s 0.62s 1.03s during the ignition sequence or once the lamp is lit, the starter checks the state of the lamp (lit or off). to determine this state, the driver reads the lamp voltage through the resistor bridge (r1+r2+r3, r4). - if the lamp is off, its voltage is equal to the mains voltage. - if the lamp is lit, its voltage is only 80 v (for a 58w lamp). thus the lamp state is determined by detecting the lamp voltage. 7/ tube state detection: dl dl tc min tc max min max lit lamp voltage off lamp voltage correct setting = no waveform across the grey area tolerance effects: tolerances on resistors (r1, r2, r3 and r4) as well as on the integrated comparator bring a tolerance on the set detection level. thus the detection level is included in a range defined by the maximum and the minimum detection levels (dl max dl min ). the driver checks the state of the lamp when mains voltage is maximum, that is to say 5 ms after the zero crossing mains voltage (50hz). here again internal tolerances bring a tolerance on the real checking moment (tc min tc max ). how to set the detection level? only the r4 resistor value can be set to adjust the detection level. values of resitors r1 to r3 must match values of the table recommended components according to application conditions of the page 5. in practice, the r4 resistor value has to be set so that neither the off lamp voltage nor the lit lamp voltage cross the grey area. the dl max and dl min limits can be calculated as follows: dl xr r r r r dl max max max max = ++ + 1265 4 1 2 3 4 .( ) and min min min = ++ + 1122 4 1 2 3 4 .( ) min min min xr r r r r max max
efs 11/13 as required in the iec 926 standard (11.5), astarters which are interchangeable with glow starters in accordance with iec 155 shall contain means for radio interference suppression, the effect of which is equivalent to that of the radio interference suppression capacitor prescribed in 7.12 of iec 155o. the efs starlight-kit is compatible with this 5nf e.m.i. capacitor which must be directly connected across the asd ? (between pin 3 atubeo and pin 4 agndo). on the other hand, this e.m.i. capacitor increases the striking pulse width of about 55% on positive temperatures. 8/ e.m.i. capacitor: 4 9 7/8/10/11 2/3/5/6 14 13 12 2 5 1 3 4 rsense driver asd ? 1 c e.m.i. 8.1. operation in single lamp configuration the efs starlight-kit is ideal in the following configurations: - single starter / 230v / 50hz - single starter / 230v / 60hz - single starter / 120v / 60hz ac mains t u b e ? note 4 : the different driver versions should be chosen according to the table aefs starlight kit parts selectiono page 2. note 5: components to choose are listed in the table arecommended components according to application conditionso page 5. 8.2. operation with capacitor for power factor correction: the efs starlight-kit is also suitable for magnetic ballast including front end parallel capacitor. the efs starlight-kit is not suitable for magnetic ballast including front end serial capacitor. t u b e ? leading magnetic ballast with serial capacitor ac mains t u b e ? magnetic ballast with shunt parallel capacitor
efs 12/13 8.3. operation on the 230v/50hz ac mains in twin tubes configuration the efs starlight-kit is also suitable for the configurations twin tubes starter note 5: components to choose are listed in the table arecommended components according to application conditionso page 5. the only electrical diagram difference consists of the r4 resistor which needs to be changed from 2.2k w to 3.3k w . without this modification, the starter will generate only one ignition attempt instead of 8 in case of defective lamp; loop 3 is removed from the algorithm described in page 9. in the twin series 230v/50hz configuration, the polarity of the two starters must be respected: in the case of no operation of starters, rotate one of the starters of 180 on its socket. 230v / 50hz ballast starter socket fluorescent tube o f f o f f alight alight rotate of 180 only one starter ac mains 230v t u b e t u b e twin tube package mechanical data so-14 (driver) b e3 d m f 8 14 17 e a2 a l g s e a1 b1 c1 c dim. millimeters inches min. typ. max. min. typ. max. a 1.75 0.069 a1 0.1 0.2 0.004 0.008 a2 1.6 0.063 b 0.35 0.46 0.014 0.018 b1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010 c 0.5 0.020 c1 45 o (typ.) d 8.55 8.75 0.336 0.334 e 5.8 6.2 0.228 0.244 e 1.27 0.050 e3 7.62 0.300 f 3.8 4.0 0.150 0.157 g 4.6 5.3 0.181 0.208 l 0.5 1.27 0.020 0.050 m 0.68 0.027 s8 o (max.)
efs 13/13 package mechanical data pentawatt hv with lead forming (asd) ref. dimensions millimeters inches min. typ. max. min. typ. max. a 4.3 4.8 0.169 0.188 c 1.22 1.42 0.048 0.056 d 2.4 2.8 0.094 0.110 diam 3.65 3.85 0.144 0.152 e 0.35 0.45 0.014 0.018 f 0.65 0.75 0.026 0.030 g1 4.88 5.28 0.192 0.208 g2 7.42 7.82 0.292 0.308 h2 10.4 0.409 h3 10.05 10.4 0.396 0.409 l1 3.3 0.130 l2 14.24 14.64 0.560 0.576 l3 2.34 2.74 0.092 0.108 l5 2.6 3 0.102 0.118 l6 15.1 15.8 0.594 0.622 l7 6 6.6 0.236 0.260 r 0.5 0.020 information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, stmicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of stmicroelectronics. specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. this publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. stmicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written ap- proval of stmicroelectronics. the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics ? 2001 stmicroelectronics - printed in italy - all rights reserved. stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - brazil - china - finland - france - germany - hong kong - india - italy - japan - malaysia malta - morocco - singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - united kingdom - u.s.a. http://www.st.com type marking package weight base qty delivery mode efs2a-cd efs2a so-14 0.13 g 50 tube efs2b-cd efs2b so-14 0.13 g 50 tube EFS21-TL5 efs21 pentawatt hv 1.9 g 50 tube other information

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